(a) The following restrictions were imposed on the pastoral groups: (i) To live within the confines of special reserves. (ii) Not allowed to move out with their stock without special permits. (iii) Severe punishments in case of disobedience. (iv) Not allowed to enter the markets in white areas. (v)Read more
(a) The following restrictions were imposed on the pastoral groups:
(i) To live within the confines of special reserves.
(ii) Not allowed to move out with their stock without special permits.
(iii) Severe punishments in case of disobedience.
(iv) Not allowed to enter the markets in white areas.
(v) Prohibited from participating in any form of trade.
(vi) White settlers and European colonists saw pastoralists as dangerous and savage people with whom all contact had to be minimised. Cutting off all links was, however, never really possible, because white colonists had to depend on black labour to bore mines, and build
roads and towns.
(b) These restrictions adversely affected their pastoral and trading activities. Earlier they looked after their animal herds as well as trade in various products. The restrictions did not entirely stop their trading activities but they were now subject to various restrictions.
They coped with the changes in a variety of ways as given below: (i) They reduced the number of cattie in their herds, since there was not enough pastureto feed large numbers. (ii) Some pastoralists discovered new pastures when movement to old grazing grounds became difficult. For example, after 194Read more
They coped with the changes in a variety of ways as given below:
(i) They reduced the number of cattie in their herds, since there was not enough pastureto feed large numbers.
(ii) Some pastoralists discovered new pastures when movement to old grazing grounds became difficult. For example, after 1947, the camel and sheep herding Raikas could not move into Sindh due to new boundaries between India and Pakistan. As a result of it they have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on agricultural fields after the harvests are cut. The fields get manure that the animals provide.
(ii) Rich pastoralists began buying land and settled down. They gave up their nomadic Iife. Some took up cultivation. Others took to more extensive trading.
(iv) Poor pastoralists borrowed money from moneylenders. Some poor people lost theircattle and sheep and became labourers, working on fields or in small towns.
(i) This region was the dry central plateau covered with stone and grass. (ii) This is inhabited by cattle, goat and sheep herders. (iii) The Gollas herded cattle, the Kurumas and Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets. (iv) They lived near the woods, cultivated small patches of landRead more
(i) This region was the dry central plateau covered with stone and grass.
(ii) This is inhabited by cattle, goat and sheep herders.
(iii) The Gollas herded cattle, the Kurumas and Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets.
(iv) They lived near the woods, cultivated small patches of land engaged in a variety of petty trades and took care of their herds.
(v) The alternation of the monsoon and dry season defined the seasonal rhythms of their movement. In dry season, they moved to the coastal tracts and left w-hen the rains came because only buffaloes liked the swampy, wet conditions of the coastal areas during the monsoons and other herds had to be shifted to the dry plateau.
Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly shepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thornyRead more
Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly
shepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thorny scrubs. Only bajra could be sown here but in the monsoon the area became a vast grazing ground for the Dhangar flocks. By October they shifted to Konkan because that was a flourishing agricultural tract high rainfall and rich soil. The Konkan peasants gave them supplies of rice. Dhangar flocks manured the fields and fed on the
stubble. With the onset of the monsoon, the Dhangars left the Konkan and the coastal areas with their flocks and returned to their settlements on the dry plateau because the sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move theirRead more
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move their herds and flocks to new areas. This continuous movement also allows the pasture to recover. It prevents their overuse too.
Describe the various restrictions imposed on the pastoral groups in Africa from the late 19th century. What were its effects?
(a) The following restrictions were imposed on the pastoral groups: (i) To live within the confines of special reserves. (ii) Not allowed to move out with their stock without special permits. (iii) Severe punishments in case of disobedience. (iv) Not allowed to enter the markets in white areas. (v)Read more
(a) The following restrictions were imposed on the pastoral groups:
See less(i) To live within the confines of special reserves.
(ii) Not allowed to move out with their stock without special permits.
(iii) Severe punishments in case of disobedience.
(iv) Not allowed to enter the markets in white areas.
(v) Prohibited from participating in any form of trade.
(vi) White settlers and European colonists saw pastoralists as dangerous and savage people with whom all contact had to be minimised. Cutting off all links was, however, never really possible, because white colonists had to depend on black labour to bore mines, and build
roads and towns.
(b) These restrictions adversely affected their pastoral and trading activities. Earlier they looked after their animal herds as well as trade in various products. The restrictions did not entirely stop their trading activities but they were now subject to various restrictions.
How did the pastoralists cope with the changes made by the government?
They coped with the changes in a variety of ways as given below: (i) They reduced the number of cattie in their herds, since there was not enough pastureto feed large numbers. (ii) Some pastoralists discovered new pastures when movement to old grazing grounds became difficult. For example, after 194Read more
They coped with the changes in a variety of ways as given below:
See less(i) They reduced the number of cattie in their herds, since there was not enough pastureto feed large numbers.
(ii) Some pastoralists discovered new pastures when movement to old grazing grounds became difficult. For example, after 1947, the camel and sheep herding Raikas could not move into Sindh due to new boundaries between India and Pakistan. As a result of it they have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on agricultural fields after the harvests are cut. The fields get manure that the animals provide.
(ii) Rich pastoralists began buying land and settled down. They gave up their nomadic Iife. Some took up cultivation. Others took to more extensive trading.
(iv) Poor pastoralists borrowed money from moneylenders. Some poor people lost theircattle and sheep and became labourers, working on fields or in small towns.
Describe the condition and movement of pastoralists in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
(i) This region was the dry central plateau covered with stone and grass. (ii) This is inhabited by cattle, goat and sheep herders. (iii) The Gollas herded cattle, the Kurumas and Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets. (iv) They lived near the woods, cultivated small patches of landRead more
(i) This region was the dry central plateau covered with stone and grass.
See less(ii) This is inhabited by cattle, goat and sheep herders.
(iii) The Gollas herded cattle, the Kurumas and Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets.
(iv) They lived near the woods, cultivated small patches of land engaged in a variety of petty trades and took care of their herds.
(v) The alternation of the monsoon and dry season defined the seasonal rhythms of their movement. In dry season, they moved to the coastal tracts and left w-hen the rains came because only buffaloes liked the swampy, wet conditions of the coastal areas during the monsoons and other herds had to be shifted to the dry plateau.
Write a short note on the pastoral community of Dhangars of Maharashtra.
Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly shepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thornyRead more
Their population in the early twentieth century was 4,67,000. They were mostly
See lessshepherds. Some were blanket weavers or buffalo herders. They stayed in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. The area was a semi-arid region with low rainfall and poor soil which was covered with thorny scrubs. Only bajra could be sown here but in the monsoon the area became a vast grazing ground for the Dhangar flocks. By October they shifted to Konkan because that was a flourishing agricultural tract high rainfall and rich soil. The Konkan peasants gave them supplies of rice. Dhangar flocks manured the fields and fed on the
stubble. With the onset of the monsoon, the Dhangars left the Konkan and the coastal areas with their flocks and returned to their settlements on the dry plateau because the sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
Why the pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for pastoral communities of the Himalayas?
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move theirRead more
The pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter pasture is essential for the pastoral communities of the Himalayas to adjust to seasonal changes and make effective use of available pastures in different places. When the pasture get exhausted or become unusable in one place they move their herds and flocks to new areas. This continuous movement also allows the pasture to recover. It prevents their overuse too.
See less