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  1. ANSWER: Explain the multiple excretion way in plants. Gaseous waste: Oxygen released during photosynthesis and carbon dioxide during respiration diffuse out through stomata. Excess water: Removed by transpiration from stomata and lenticels. Storage of wastes: Resins and gums are deposited in dead xyRead more

    ANSWER: Explain the multiple excretion way in plants.

    1. Gaseous waste: Oxygen released during photosynthesis and carbon dioxide during respiration diffuse out through stomata.
    2. Excess water: Removed by transpiration from stomata and lenticels.
    3. Storage of wastes: Resins and gums are deposited in dead xylem.
    4. Special products: Tannins, latex, and essential oils accumulate in leaves, bark, or fruits.
    5. Leaf fall: In autumn, wastes are discarded along with shedding leaves.
      Plants thus excrete by multiple simple ways without specialised organs.
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  2. In the process of respiration – (i) state the function of alveoli. (ii) state the function of stomata. (i) Alveoli in humans: Provide a very large surface area for gas exchange. Thin walls allow oxygen to diffuse into blood and carbon dioxide out. Rich network of capillaries ensures efficient transpRead more

    In the process of respiration – (i) state the function of alveoli. (ii) state the function of stomata.

    (i) Alveoli in humans: Provide a very large surface area for gas exchange. Thin walls allow oxygen to diffuse into blood and carbon dioxide out. Rich network of capillaries ensures efficient transport of gases.

    (ii) Stomata in plants: Tiny pores on leaves regulate exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Guard cells control opening and closing. Help plants balance respiration, photosynthesis, and water loss.

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  3. ANSWER: Paralysis of the right side of the body usually indicates damage to the left hemisphere of the cerebrum. The cerebrum controls voluntary actions, learning, memory, and thinking. Each hemisphere controls opposite sides of the body, so damage to the left affects the right side. The motor areaRead more

    ANSWER: Paralysis of the right side of the body usually indicates damage to the left hemisphere of the cerebrum. The cerebrum controls voluntary actions, learning, memory, and thinking. Each hemisphere controls opposite sides of the body, so damage to the left affects the right side. The motor area of the cerebrum sends signals to muscles for movement. If injured, nerve impulses cannot pass, causing paralysis.

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  4. ANSWER: In pea plants, purple flower (P) is dominant over white (p). When a pure purple (PP) is crossed with a pure white (pp), all F₁ generation plants are Pp, showing purple flowers, as the dominant trait masks the recessive one. When two F₁ plants (Pp × Pp) are self-crossed, the F₂ generation shoRead more

    ANSWER: In pea plants, purple flower (P) is dominant over white (p). When a pure purple (PP) is crossed with a pure white (pp), all F₁ generation plants are Pp, showing purple flowers, as the dominant trait masks the recessive one. When two F₁ plants (Pp × Pp) are self-crossed, the F₂ generation shows a genotypic ratio of 1 PP: 2 Pp: 1 pp and a phenotypic ratio of 3 purple: 1 white.

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  5. ANSWER: A man can survive with one kidney because a single kidney is capable of performing all essential functions of filtration and excretion. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, and even one kidney can efficiently remove urea, excess salts, and water from the blood. The remaining kidnRead more

    ANSWER: A man can survive with one kidney because a single kidney is capable of performing all essential functions of filtration and excretion. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, and even one kidney can efficiently remove urea, excess salts, and water from the blood. The remaining kidney compensates by working harder and often enlarges slightly.

    However, the person must maintain a healthy lifestyle, avoid overuse of medicines, reduce protein and salt intake, and prevent infections to keep the single kidney functioning properly.

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