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Who wrote ‘Humayunnama’?
Gulbadan Begum, the daughter of Babur and sister of Humayun, wrote the Humayunnama, an important memoir describing the life of Emperor Humayun. Her writing offers intimate details about the Mughal household, royal customs, court politics and family relationships. Unlike official chronicles that focuRead more
Gulbadan Begum, the daughter of Babur and sister of Humayun, wrote the Humayunnama, an important memoir describing the life of Emperor Humayun. Her writing offers intimate details about the Mughal household, royal customs, court politics and family relationships. Unlike official chronicles that focus mainly on battles and administration, Gulbadan’s work provides a warm, personal and human perspective. It includes accounts of Humayun’s hardships, exile, conflicts with his brothers and his eventual restoration with Persian assistance. As one of the few historical works written by a woman in medieval India, the Humayunnama holds exceptional literary and historical value.
See lessThe Persian translation of the Mahabharata during Akbar’s reign is known by what name?
The Persian translation of the Mahabharata, known as Razmnama, was completed during Akbar's rule as part of his broader effort to strengthen cultural harmony. Akbar gathered Sanskrit scholars and Persian translators—most notably Faizi—to collaborate on this monumental work. The emperor wanted his coRead more
The Persian translation of the Mahabharata, known as Razmnama, was completed during Akbar’s rule as part of his broader effort to strengthen cultural harmony. Akbar gathered Sanskrit scholars and Persian translators—most notably Faizi—to collaborate on this monumental work. The emperor wanted his court to understand Hindu epics, philosophy and traditions. The Razmnama was beautifully illustrated with Mughal miniature paintings and became a symbol of Indo-Persian cultural fusion. It showcased Akbar’s inclusive approach, fostering dialogue between different religions. The project greatly enriched Persian literature and demonstrated the Mughal court’s deep intellectual curiosity.
See lessWhich Mughal emperor overthrew the Sayyid brothers? (A) Bahadur Shah (B) Shah Jahan II (C) Rafi-ud-Daula (D) Muhammad Shah
After Aurangzeb’s death, the Sayyid Brothers—Husain Ali and Abdullah—became kingmakers, controlling the Mughal throne. Many nobles resented their influence. Muhammad Shah cooperated with these nobles to remove them. In 1720, Husain Ali Khan was assassinated at Fatehpur Sikri and Abdullah Khan was laRead more
After Aurangzeb’s death, the Sayyid Brothers—Husain Ali and Abdullah—became kingmakers, controlling the Mughal throne. Many nobles resented their influence. Muhammad Shah cooperated with these nobles to remove them. In 1720, Husain Ali Khan was assassinated at Fatehpur Sikri and Abdullah Khan was later defeated and imprisoned. This ended the Sayyid Brothers’ dominance and restored nominal independence to the emperor. However, Muhammad Shah’s rule still faced internal decline and rising regional powers. The overthrow of the Sayyid Brothers marked a political shift but did not revive the weakening Mughal Empire.
See lessWho among the following was the last Mughal emperor?
Bahadur Shah II, popularly known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the final ruler of the Mughal dynasty. His authority was symbolic, limited to the Red Fort, while real power lay with the British. During the Revolt of 1857, Indian rebels declared him their symbolic leader. After the rebellion was suppressRead more
Bahadur Shah II, popularly known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the final ruler of the Mughal dynasty. His authority was symbolic, limited to the Red Fort, while real power lay with the British. During the Revolt of 1857, Indian rebels declared him their symbolic leader. After the rebellion was suppressed, the British abolished the Mughal throne. Zafar was captured, tried and exiled to Rangoon, where he spent his last years writing poetry. His death in 1862 marked the official end of the Mughal Empire, closing a significant chapter in Indian history.
See lessWho was responsible for land revenue reforms during Akbar’s reign? (A) Veerbal (B) Todarmal (C) Jai Singh (D) Biharimal
Todarmal was one of Akbar’s most capable administrators and the architect of the Mughal revenue system. His reforms included detailed land surveys, measurement of cultivated fields and classification based on soil quality. He introduced a uniform taxation system where revenue was fixed according toRead more
Todarmal was one of Akbar’s most capable administrators and the architect of the Mughal revenue system. His reforms included detailed land surveys, measurement of cultivated fields and classification based on soil quality. He introduced a uniform taxation system where revenue was fixed according to average produce and prices over ten years. This system, known as Zabt or Todarmal Bandobast, reduced corruption, increased state income and provided stability to farmers. Todarmal’s policies were so efficient that both Jahangir and Shah Jahan continued them and the British later adapted several aspects in their revenue settlements.
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