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During whose reign did Timur Lang invade India?
Timur’s invasion of India in 1398 occurred when the Tughlaq dynasty was in deep political and administrative decline. Although Nasiruddin Muhammad Tughlaq was the nominal ruler, effective power was exercised by his father, Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. The internal disintegration of the Sultanate made DelhiRead more
Timur’s invasion of India in 1398 occurred when the Tughlaq dynasty was in deep political and administrative decline. Although Nasiruddin Muhammad Tughlaq was the nominal ruler, effective power was exercised by his father, Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. The internal disintegration of the Sultanate made Delhi vulnerable. Timur’s forces crossed the Indus, defeated the Tughlaq army near Delhi and committed mass killings. The capital was thoroughly plundered, its population massacred and its economy devastated. This invasion accelerated the collapse of the Tughlaq dynasty and paved the way for the emergence of the Sayyid dynasty. It remains one of the darkest episodes in Delhi’s history.
ANSWER: (A) Nasruddin Muhammad Tughlaq
See lessAmir Khusro played a pioneering role in the development of what? (A) Bhojpuri (B) Khariboli (C) Brajbhasha (D) Awadhi
Amir Khusro, a celebrated poet, musician and scholar of the Delhi Sultanate, played a crucial role in developing Khariboli, the dialect that later evolved into Hindi and Urdu. His literary works, including riddles, verses and folk songs, blended Persian aesthetics with local spoken language, enrichiRead more
Amir Khusro, a celebrated poet, musician and scholar of the Delhi Sultanate, played a crucial role in developing Khariboli, the dialect that later evolved into Hindi and Urdu. His literary works, including riddles, verses and folk songs, blended Persian aesthetics with local spoken language, enriching Khariboli’s vocabulary and structure. Khusro’s Hindavi compositions showcased a unique linguistic fusion that appealed to both elite and common audiences. By popularising the dialect through music and poetry, he helped establish a literary base for future North Indian languages. His contributions mark him as a key cultural architect of Indo-Persian linguistic tradition.
ANSWER: (B) Khariboli
See lessWhich Sultan started a new department called ‘Amir Kohi’ (Department of Agriculture)?
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was known for ambitious administrative experiments, one of which was the creation of 'Amir Kohi', a dedicated agricultural department. Its goal was to develop uncultivated lands, particularly those near Delhi and enhance agricultural productivity. The Sultan provided loans (taccRead more
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was known for ambitious administrative experiments, one of which was the creation of ‘Amir Kohi’, a dedicated agricultural department. Its goal was to develop uncultivated lands, particularly those near Delhi and enhance agricultural productivity. The Sultan provided loans (taccavi) to farmers, seeds, cattle and irrigation support to encourage cultivation. However, the scheme suffered from corruption, poor management and unrealistic expectations. Drought and famine further weakened its effectiveness. Despite its failure, the initiative reflects Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s vision of strengthening the economic foundations of the Sultanate through expanded state-supported agriculture.
ANSWER: (C) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
See lessThe coins of the Sultanate period—’Tanka’, ‘Shashgani’ and ‘Jeetal’—were made of which metals?
The three Sultanate coins mentioned were made of: Tanka (mainly Silver, though high-value ones could be gold), Shashgani (a medium-denomination, fractional Silver coin) and Jeetal (Copper or copper-alloy). Sultan Iltutmish formalized this bimetallic currency system. The Tanka served as the primary,Read more
The three Sultanate coins mentioned were made of: Tanka (mainly Silver, though high-value ones could be gold), Shashgani (a medium-denomination, fractional Silver coin) and Jeetal (Copper or copper-alloy). Sultan Iltutmish formalized this bimetallic currency system. The Tanka served as the primary, high-value coin, while the Jeetal was the low-denomination coin used by the masses for everyday trade. Roughly 48 Jitals equaled one Silver Tanka.
ANSWER: (B) Silver, silver, copper
See lessDuring the reign of which Sultan did Khalisa land develop on a large scale?
Khalisa land, the territory whose revenue went directly to the Sultan's treasury, was greatly expanded during the reign of Alauddin Khalji. His key reforms involved confiscating land grants (Inam, Waql) from religious figures and nobles and eliminating the revenue-assigning Iqta system in the fertilRead more
Khalisa land, the territory whose revenue went directly to the Sultan’s treasury, was greatly expanded during the reign of Alauddin Khalji. His key reforms involved confiscating land grants (Inam, Waql) from religious figures and nobles and eliminating the revenue-assigning Iqta system in the fertile Doab region. This centralization was critical. It ensured a direct and reliable revenue stream, allowing him to impose a 50% tax (Kharaj) and sustain his immense standing army and his strict market control system.
ANSWER: (A) Alauddin Khalji
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