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  1. The motto “Har Khet Ko Pani” under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) signifies ensuring that every field receives adequate irrigation facilities. It aims to expand irrigated areas, reduce farmers’ dependence on rainfall and enhance water use efficiency through micro-irrigation technRead more

    The motto “Har Khet Ko Pani” under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) signifies ensuring that every field receives adequate irrigation facilities. It aims to expand irrigated areas, reduce farmers’ dependence on rainfall and enhance water use efficiency through micro-irrigation techniques. By guaranteeing water availability, the programme seeks to increase crop productivity and rural income stability. Correct Option: (a) Ensuring every field receives some form of protective irrigation.

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  2. The correct answer is (b) Sardar Sarovar Dam because the Narmada Bachao Andolan emerged as a major social movement opposing large-scale displacement, environmental loss and inadequate rehabilitation caused by this dam. Led by activists like Medha Patkar, it highlighted issues of tribal rights, submeRead more

    The correct answer is (b) Sardar Sarovar Dam because the Narmada Bachao Andolan emerged as a major social movement opposing large-scale displacement, environmental loss and inadequate rehabilitation caused by this dam. Led by activists like Medha Patkar, it highlighted issues of tribal rights, submergence of villages and fair compensation, making the Sardar Sarovar Dam the central focus of the protest.

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  3. Intensive subsistence farming in India is practiced on small plots using family labour, traditional tools and simple techniques. Its main aim is to produce enough food for the farmer’s family. Intensive Subsistence Farming: Practised on small landholdings. Uses family labour and traditional tools. RRead more

    Intensive subsistence farming in India is practiced on small plots using family labour, traditional tools and simple techniques. Its main aim is to produce enough food for the farmer’s family.

    Intensive Subsistence Farming:

    • Practised on small landholdings.
    • Uses family labour and traditional tools.
    • Relies on monsoon rainfall.
    • Main aim is self-consumption, not profit.
    • Labour-intensive and low mechanisation.

    Commercial Farming:

    • Practised on large farms with high mechanisation.
    • Uses HYV seeds, fertilizers and modern technology.
    • Produces mainly for the market and exports.
    • Focuses on high productivity and profit.
    • Less dependent on rain due to irrigation and machinery.
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  4. Abundant limestone reserves Chhattisgarh has some of India’s richest and most consistent limestone belts found in Durg, Raipur, Bilaspur and Balodabazar districts. These deposits ensure a continuous and high-quality supply of the primary raw material required for large-scale cement production. AvailRead more

    • Abundant limestone reserves

    Chhattisgarh has some of India’s richest and most consistent limestone belts found in Durg, Raipur, Bilaspur and Balodabazar districts. These deposits ensure a continuous and high-quality supply of the primary raw material required for large-scale cement production.

    • Availability of coal and power resources

    The state has abundant coal reserves in Korba, Raigarh and Surguja, which provide a steady fuel supply for cement kilns. In addition, Chhattisgarh has several major thermal power plants, ensuring reliable and affordable electricity for uninterrupted industrial operations.

    • Good transportation network

    A well-connected system of highways, railways and nearby industrial corridors makes the movement of raw materials and finished cement efficient and economical. This reduces logistics costs and improves market reach.

    • Proximity to major markets

    Located centrally, Chhattisgarh can easily supply cement to neighbouring states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Jharkhand and even eastern Uttar Pradesh, ensuring high demand and wide market access.

    • Industrial-friendly environment

    The presence of mining, steel and power industries provides skilled labour, industrial infrastructure and supportive services, making it a favourable location for cement manufacturing.

    • Low production cost and supportive policies

    Easy raw material availability, low transportation charges, industrial incentives and favourable state policies help reduce overall production costs and encourage investment in the cement sector.

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  5. (18.1) The Sardar Sarovar Dam is extremely important because it supplies water to drought-prone regions of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. It provides irrigation to millions of hectares, supports drinking water needs and helps improve agriculture, especially in dry and desert districts. It alsoRead more

    (18.1) The Sardar Sarovar Dam is extremely important because it supplies water to drought-prone regions of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. It provides irrigation to millions of hectares, supports drinking water needs and helps improve agriculture, especially in dry and desert districts. It also promotes regional development, strengthens water security and benefits tribal and hilly regions through lift irrigation. Overall, it transforms water-scarce areas into productive regions.

    (18.2) The project promotes sustainable development by ensuring long-term water availability in drought-affected areas, improving agricultural productivity and reducing dependence on unpredictable monsoons. It supports efficient water distribution, enhances groundwater recharge and enables greener farming practices. It also encourages renewable energy production through hydropower and improves livelihoods, thereby balancing economic growth, environmental management and social welfare.

    (18.3) Community participation has been crucial for the project’s success. Local farmers, village committees and user groups help manage canal networks, maintain water distribution and prevent wastage. Community involvement ensures fair sharing of water, supports micro-irrigation practices and strengthens local decision-making. Participation in rehabilitation, land development and monitoring improves trust, transparency and long-term sustainability of the project. Their cooperation helps maximize benefits in drought-prone regions.

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