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  1. A favourable credit arrangement helps borrowers use loans productively and repay them without falling into debt. Option (c) best represents this, as the farmer borrows from a formal source at a low interest rate of 4% and invests in cultivation, which increases productivity and income. Such loans prRead more

    A favourable credit arrangement helps borrowers use loans productively and repay them without falling into debt. Option (c) best represents this, as the farmer borrows from a formal source at a low interest rate of 4% and invests in cultivation, which increases productivity and income. Such loans promote financial stability and rural growth. Hence, the correct option is (c).

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  2. A demand deposit in banks represents a modern form of money in India. It allows people to store their earnings safely and access them anytime through cheques, debit cards, online banking and UPI transactions. Unlike traditional forms like gold or commodities, it offers security, liquidity and easy tRead more

    A demand deposit in banks represents a modern form of money in India. It allows people to store their earnings safely and access them anytime through cheques, debit cards, online banking and UPI transactions. Unlike traditional forms like gold or commodities, it offers security, liquidity and easy transfer of funds in a digital economy. Hence, the correct option is (b).

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  3. The primary sector forms the base of economic activity by supplying essential raw materials to the secondary sector. When a textile factory purchases raw cotton from farmers to produce fabric, it demonstrates how agriculture (primary sector) supports manufacturing (secondary sector). This interdepenRead more

    The primary sector forms the base of economic activity by supplying essential raw materials to the secondary sector. When a textile factory purchases raw cotton from farmers to produce fabric, it demonstrates how agriculture (primary sector) supports manufacturing (secondary sector). This interdependence ensures industrial growth and economic balance. Hence, the correct option is (b).

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  4. The Great Depression of 1929 to the mid-1930s had a serious impact on colonial India’s economy and society in several ways: Collapse of Trade: India’s exports and imports dropped by nearly half between 1928 and 1934 as global demand declined sharply. Falling Agricultural Prices: The prices of farm gRead more

    The Great Depression of 1929 to the mid-1930s had a serious impact on colonial India’s economy and society in several ways:
    Collapse of Trade: India’s exports and imports dropped by nearly half between 1928 and 1934 as global demand declined sharply.
    Falling Agricultural Prices: The prices of farm goods crashed—wheat values fell by almost 50% and raw jute by more than 60%—causing great hardship for farmers.
    Peasant Suffering: Despite the crisis, revenue demands stayed the same, pushing peasants into debt. Many mortgaged their land or sold jewellery and valuables to survive.
    Gold Exports: India became a key exporter of gold, which helped Britain recover but gave little benefit to Indian farmers.
    Urban Effects: While rural areas faced poverty, some city residents with fixed incomes gained from lower prices and a few industries expanded under tariff protection.

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  5. Napoleon, despite being a monarch, played a vital role in spreading revolutionary nationalism in Europe. 1. Napoleon, though a monarch, helped spread revolutionary ideals of nationalism across Europe. His Napoleonic Code of 1804 abolished privileges based on birth. 2. It ensured equality before lawRead more

    Napoleon, despite being a monarch, played a vital role in spreading revolutionary nationalism in Europe.

    1. Napoleon, though a monarch, helped spread revolutionary ideals of nationalism across Europe. His Napoleonic Code of 1804 abolished privileges based on birth.

    2. It ensured equality before law and protected property rights. The feudal system was abolished and administrative divisions were simplified.

    3. In conquered regions, he introduced uniform laws, standard weights and measures. He also improved transport and communication, promoting economic unity and spreading ideas of liberty and equality.

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