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  1. Zahiruddin Muhammad adopted the well-known name Babur (meaning 'tiger' or 'lion') when he came to power. Born in Fergana in Central Asia, he was a direct descendant of Timur. After years of struggle, he captured Kabul in 1504 and, following the decisive First Battle of Panipat in 1526, he establisheRead more

    Zahiruddin Muhammad adopted the well-known name Babur (meaning ‘tiger’ or ‘lion’) when he came to power. Born in Fergana in Central Asia, he was a direct descendant of Timur. After years of struggle, he captured Kabul in 1504 and, following the decisive First Battle of Panipat in 1526, he established himself as the first Mughal ruler of India. He is celebrated for his military genius, his detailed autobiography, the Baburnama and for founding one of the world’s most enduring empires.

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  2. The 'Dahsala settlement' is attributed to Raja Todar Mal, the esteemed Diwan-i-Ashraf (Finance Minister) of Emperor Akbar. Implemented in 1580, it was a refinement of Sher Shah's Zabti system. This highly efficient revenue system calculated the state's share by averaging the yield and local prices oRead more

    The ‘Dahsala settlement’ is attributed to Raja Todar Mal, the esteemed Diwan-i-Ashraf (Finance Minister) of Emperor Akbar. Implemented in 1580, it was a refinement of Sher Shah’s Zabti system. This highly efficient revenue system calculated the state’s share by averaging the yield and local prices of various crops over the preceding ten years (Dah-sala). The primary goal was to ensure accurate assessment, reduce corruption and provide a stable, predictable income for the empire.

    The correct answer is (A) Todar Mal.

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  3. Abul Fazl, the brilliant author of the Akbarnama, was assassinated in 1602 by the Bundela chief Vir Singh Bundela. The assassination was orchestrated by Prince Salim (Jahangir), who was in open revolt against his father, Akbar. Salim considered Abul Fazl his most formidable political enemy and the mRead more

    Abul Fazl, the brilliant author of the Akbarnama, was assassinated in 1602 by the Bundela chief Vir Singh Bundela. The assassination was orchestrated by Prince Salim (Jahangir), who was in open revolt against his father, Akbar. Salim considered Abul Fazl his most formidable political enemy and the main person poisoning Akbar’s mind against him. Vir Singh Bundela was heavily rewarded by Salim upon his ascension to the throne, underscoring the political nature of the murder.

    The correct answer is (C) Vir Singh Bundela.

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  4. Akbar awarded the esteemed title of 'Kaviraj' (King of Poets) to his intellectual and witty courtier, Birbal. Birbal, whose birth name was Mahesh Das, was highly admired by Akbar for his quick intelligence, charming poetry and ability to use humor to offer counsel. Although he later held a militaryRead more

    Akbar awarded the esteemed title of ‘Kaviraj’ (King of Poets) to his intellectual and witty courtier, Birbal. Birbal, whose birth name was Mahesh Das, was highly admired by Akbar for his quick intelligence, charming poetry and ability to use humor to offer counsel. Although he later held a military position, the title ‘Kaviraj’ reflects his primary role as a close confidant and intellectual companion to the emperor, cementing his reputation as a great poet and storyteller.

    The correct answer is (B) Birbal.

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  5. The historian who labeled Emperor Akbar an "enemy of Islam" was Abdul Qadir Badauni in his work, the Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Badauni, who resented the decline of orthodox influence in Akbar’s court, viewed Akbar's promotion of Sulh-e-Kul (universal peace) and the establishment of the Ibadat Khana asRead more

    The historian who labeled Emperor Akbar an “enemy of Islam” was Abdul Qadir Badauni in his work, the Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Badauni, who resented the decline of orthodox influence in Akbar’s court, viewed Akbar’s promotion of Sulh-e-Kul (universal peace) and the establishment of the Ibadat Khana as an assault on the true faith. He chronicled the emperor’s policies with deep hostility, accusing him of heresy and deliberately fostering un-Islamic practices to challenge religious authority.

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