NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 8
How do Organisms Reproduce?
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Intext Questions
Page No-140
Questions No-4
How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body?
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In mother’s body, the embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood. For this, there is a special structure, called placenta. Placenta contains villi. There are empty spaces in mother’s tissues that cover the villi. It provides a large surface area for the transfer of glucose, oxygen and other substances from the mother to the embryo.
The embryo gets nourishment through placenta inside the mother’s body.
Placenta is disc-shaped tissue which connects the mother body and embryo.
The embryo develops inside the mother’s body for about nine months. Inside the uterus, the outer tissue surrounding the embryo develops finger-like projections called villi. These villi are surrounded by uterine tissue and maternal blood. They provide a large surface area for exchange of oxygen and nutrients. Also, there is a special tissue called placenta, which is embedded in the uterine wall. The embryo receives the oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood via the placenta. The waste materials produced by the embryo are also removed through the placenta.
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After fertilization the lining of uterus thickens and is richly supplied with blood to nourish the growing embryo. The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with he help of a special tissue called placenta. It is embedded in the uterine wall. Placenta contains Villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue and blood spaces on mother’s side surrounding the villi. This provides a large surface from mother to the embryo and waste products from embryo to mother.
The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with the help of a special tissue called placenta. This is a disc which is embedded in the wall of the uterus. It contains finger-like projections villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue. On the mother’s sides are blood spaces, which surround the villi. This provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to the embryo and waste products from embryo to mother.
During pregnancy, the embryo (and later the fetus) receives nourishment through a structure called the placenta, which develops in the mother’s uterus. The placenta is a temporary organ that forms during early pregnancy and plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and the developing embryo.
The process can be summarized as follows:
1. Implantation: After fertilization, the fertilized egg (zygote) undergoes multiple cell divisions and forms a structure called a blastocyst. The blastocyst then undergoes implantation into the lining of the uterus. This marks the beginning of pregnancy.
2. Development of the Placenta: Following implantation, cells from the outer layer of the blastocyst form the placenta. Simultaneously, the inner cell mass develops into the embryo. The placenta is connected to the embryo through the umbilical cord.
3. Exchange of Nutrients and Waste Products: The placenta serves as a connection point between the maternal and fetal circulatory systems. Small blood vessels from the mother (maternal arteries) and the developing embryo (umbilical arteries and veins) run close to each other within the placenta. Through the walls of these blood vessels, nutrients, oxygen, and other essential substances from the mother’s blood pass into the fetal circulation, while waste products from the embryo are transferred back to the maternal blood.
» Oxygen and Nutrients: The mother’s blood delivers oxygen and nutrients such as glucose and amino acids to the fetal blood through the placenta.
» Waste Removal: Waste products generated by the growing embryo, such as carbon dioxide and urea, are transported from the fetal blood to the maternal blood through the placenta.
4. Hormonal Regulation: The placenta also produces hormones that help maintain the pregnancy and support fetal development. For example, it produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests, and it plays a role in supporting the corpus luteum in the ovary to produce progesterone during the early stages of pregnancy.
This exchange of substances through the placenta ensures that the developing embryo and later the fetus receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen for growth and development. The placenta continues to function throughout the pregnancy until childbirth when it is expelled from the mother’s body.