NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 7
Control and Coordination
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Intext Questions
Page No-119
Questions No-5
What is the role of the brain in reflex action?
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NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 7
Control and Coordination
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Intext Questions
Page No-119
Questions No-5
Reflex actions are sudden responses, which do not involve any thinking. For example, when we touch a hot object, we withdraw our hand immediately without thinking as thinking may take time which would be enough to get us burnt. The sensory nerves that detect the heat are connected to the nerves that move the muscles of the hand. Such a connection of detecting the signal from the nerves (input) and responding to it quickly (output) is called a reflex arc. The reflex arcs –connections present between the input and output nerves − meet in a bundle in the spinal cord.
Reflex arcs are formed in the spinal cord and the information (input) reaches the brain. The brain is only aware of the signal and the response that has taken place. However, the brain has no role to play in the creation of the response.
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Reflex actions are sudden responses. It is involuntary action which does not involve thinking. For example, when we touch a hot object, we withdraw our hand immediately without thinking. The sensory nerves that detect the heat are connected to the nerves that move the muscles of the hand. Such a connection of detecting the signal from the nerves (input) and responding to it quickly (output) is known as reflex arc. Reflex arcs are formed in the spinal cord and the information reaches the brain and the brain responses to it.
The purpose of reflex action is to provide quick response in situations where the organism does not have enough time to think. Reflex arcs are formed in the spinal cord, although the information inputs also reach the brain. This helps the brain to record this event and remember it for future use.
Reflex actions are the actions which do not involve any thinking. That is why provide quick response in situations where the organism does not have enough time to think.
A connection of detecting the signal from the nerves (input) and responding to it quickly (output) is called a reflex arc.Reflex arcs are formed in the spinal cord and the information (input) reaches the brain.
The brain is only aware of the signal and the response that has taken place. However, the brain has no role to play in the creation of the response.
Reflex actions are formed instantaneously in response to the stimulus that has no time to think. For instance the sensory nerves that detect the heat are connected to the nerves that move the muscles of the hand. Such a connection of detecting the signal from the nerves (input) and responding to it quickly (output) is known as reflex arc.
Reflex action are generated in spinal cord and the information also reaches brain. This
helps the brain to record this event and remember it for future use. Brain helps the person to get awareness of the stimulus and prevent himself from that situation again.
Brain has no direct involvement in reflex action. Reflex action is mainly controlled at the level of spinal cord.
Reflex arc are formed in the spinal cord itself although the information also goes on to reach brain where the encounter remains in the memory and make us aware of our action. So there is no direct role of the brain in reflex action. Secondly there are certain reflex actions under the control of brain known as cerebral reflex. Closure of eyes exposed to flash of light, salivation at sight or smell of food, peristalsis, inspiration and expiration are few examples of cerebral reflexes.
Reflex actions are quick, involuntary responses to stimuli that help protect the body or maintain physiological balance. While reflex actions primarily involve the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, the brain plays a crucial role in their overall coordination and modulation. Here’s how the brain is involved in reflex actions:
1. Sensory Input and Perception: The brain is responsible for receiving sensory input from various parts of the body through sensory receptors. When a stimulus is detected, such as a touch or a change in temperature, sensory information is transmitted to the brain.
2. Integration of Information: The brain integrates incoming sensory information and processes it to create a perception of the stimulus. This processing occurs in different regions of the brain, depending on the type of stimulus and the nature of the reflex.
3. Modulation and Control: While many reflex actions are controlled at the spinal cord level (spinal reflexes), the brain can modulate and control these reflexes. It can enhance or inhibit reflex responses based on the overall context and the individual’s state.
4. Higher-Level Processing: In some cases, reflex actions may involve higher-level processing in the brain. For example, certain reflexes may have a cognitive component or be influenced by emotional states. The brain’s higher cognitive functions can modify or override reflex responses based on the individual’s experiences, expectations, or current mental state.
5. Learning and Adaptation: The brain is involved in learning from reflex experiences. Through repeated exposure to certain stimuli, the brain can modify reflex responses over time, a process known as conditioned reflex or learning.
It’s important to note that not all reflex actions involve the brain directly. Many reflexes are mediated by the spinal cord and occur without conscious control or significant involvement of higher brain centers. This rapid and automatic nature of reflex actions allows the body to respond quickly to potentially harmful stimuli without the need for conscious thought.
In summary, the brain’s role in reflex actions includes the perception of stimuli, integration of sensory information, modulation of reflex responses, higher-level processing, and learning from reflex experiences.