The atmosphere is divided into distinct layers based on changes in temperature and density with increasing altitude. Each layer has unique characteristics and plays a specific role, such as the troposphere hosting weather phenomena and the stratosphere containing the ozone layer.
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The atmosphere has five main layers, arranged from the Earth’s surface outward: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere. The Troposphere (up to ~12 km) is where temperature decreases with altitude and all weather phenomena occur. The Stratosphere (up to 50 km) contains the ozone layer and is ideal for flying aeroplanes. The Mesosphere (up to 80 km) is where temperature again decreases with altitude and meteorites burn up. The Thermosphere (80–700 km) has rapidly rising temperature and contains the ionosphere, where auroras occur. The Exosphere is the outermost layer with very thin air, where light gases escape into space. (A labelled diagram showing these layers with increasing height on the vertical axis should be drawn, marking the boundaries: tropopause, stratopause, and mesopause.)
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