The “Calm Belt” (another name for the Doldrums) is located symmetrically on both sides of the Equator. It is the meeting point of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres’ wind systems. Because the pressure gradient is nearly zero and the air is rising, this equatorial zone lacks the strong, horizontal winds found in the higher latitudes. ANSWER: (C) Equator
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The calm belt exists because the Equator is the Earth’s primary heat engine. When we speak of “calm” in a meteorological sense, we mean the absence of horizontal surface winds. Around the Equator, the air is occupied with vertical motion—rising high into the troposphere to begin the Hadley Cell cycle. This leaves the surface with very little lateral air movement. This belt is essential to the global climate because it acts as the starting point for the moisture and heat transport that eventually feeds weather systems in the temperate and polar regions.
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