Mount Erebus is a unique geological feature because its lava lake contains rare phonolite magma, which is highly alkaline. The volcano is continuously active, emitting plumes of gas and steam in the freezing Antarctic environment. Its activity provides a stark contrast to the surrounding ice sheets. Scientists study Erebus to understand how volcanoes interact with glaciers and to monitor the gases it contributes to the atmosphere. It is the most active volcano in the Antarctic region and serves as a major landmark for the McMurdo Research Station.