Volcanic gas composition is vital for predicting eruptions. Water vapor is the most abundant, but CO2 is the second most common; since it is heavier than air, it can collect in low-lying areas and pose a suffocation risk. SO2 is responsible for the “rotten egg” smell and reacts with atmosphere to cause acid rain or “volcanic smog” (Vog). Nitrogen is also released in significant quantities, contributing to the Earth’s atmospheric composition over billions of years. Monitoring the ratio of these gases helps scientists determine if fresh magma is rising toward the surface.