Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced the department ‘Amir Kohi’ to improve agriculture and increase state revenue. This department encouraged cultivation of fallow lands, offered loans (taccavi) to farmers and promoted irrigation works. Though well-intentioned, many schemes suffered due to poor implementation and harsh policies, leading to mixed results. ANSWER: (C) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
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Muhammad bin Tughlaq was known for ambitious administrative experiments, one of which was the creation of ‘Amir Kohi’, a dedicated agricultural department. Its goal was to develop uncultivated lands, particularly those near Delhi and enhance agricultural productivity. The Sultan provided loans (taccavi) to farmers, seeds, cattle and irrigation support to encourage cultivation. However, the scheme suffered from corruption, poor management and unrealistic expectations. Drought and famine further weakened its effectiveness. Despite its failure, the initiative reflects Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s vision of strengthening the economic foundations of the Sultanate through expanded state-supported agriculture.
ANSWER: (C) Muhammad bin Tughlaq