Mahmud Ghaznavi held the titles “Yamin ud Daula,” meaning the right hand of the empire, and “Amin ul Millat,” meaning the protector of Muslims. These titles were granted by the Abbasid Caliph, giving Mahmud religious legitimacy and political prestige. They strengthened his authority and helped him gain influence beyond his immediate territories.
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The Abbasid Caliph granted Mahmud Ghaznavi the titles “Yamin ud Daula” and “Amin ul Millat” to acknowledge his loyalty and growing influence. These titles strengthened Mahmud’s legitimacy, allowing him to present himself as a protector of Islam and a powerful ruler. This recognition elevated his political standing among regional powers in Central Asia and India. By aligning himself with the Caliphate, Mahmud gained religious prestige that helped him secure alliances and support. These honors played a key role in expanding the Yamini dynasty’s influence and justifying Mahmud’s military campaigns across regions, including his repeated expeditions into India.
ANSWER:
(C) Both a and b