The kinetic theory of gases explains the behavior of gas molecules using assumptions about their motion and interactions. It states that gases consist of tiny particles in constant random motion. The theory describes pressure, temperature, and volume relationships based on collisions. It also explains Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, and Avogadro’s law.
Chapter 12 of Class 11 Physics covers Waves for the CBSE Exam 2024-25. It explains wave motion, types of waves, properties of mechanical waves, and sound waves. Key topics include transverse and longitudinal waves, wavelength, frequency, amplitude, velocity, and the principle of superposition. The chapter also discusses reflection, refraction, interference, resonance, Doppler effect, and standing waves.
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The kinetic theory of gases states that the temperature T of an ideal gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy per molecule, and it is represented as:
KE_avg = (3/2) k_B T
where:
– k_B is Boltzmann’s constant,
– T is the absolute temperature.
Thus, a higher temperature means greater molecular kinetic energy, making temperature directly a measure of the average kinetic energy of gas molecules.
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