The philosophical concept in Buddhism aimed at overcoming ignorance and suffering is the “Four Noble Truths.” These foundational teachings outline the nature of suffering (dukkha), its origin in desire and attachment (tanha), the possibility of its cessation (nirodha), and the path leading to liberation from suffering, known as the Eightfold Path (magga). By understanding and practicing these truths, individuals can gain insight into the nature of existence, ultimately achieving enlightenment (nirvana) and freeing themselves from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara).