When a bottle is filled with water and allowed to freeze, then the bottle breaks, because
When a bottle is filled with water and allowed to freeze, the bottle breaks because water expands as it freezes, exerting pressure on the walls of the bottle. This expansion exceeds the tensile strength of the bottle material, causing it to rupture. This phenomenon is due to the unique property of water expanding when it freezes.
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The correct answer is option A. When water freezes, it expands as it forms ice crystals, exerting pressure on the walls of the bottle. This expansion exceeds the tensile strength of the bottle material, causing it to rupture. Option B is incorrect because the bottle doesn’t shrink at freezing point; rather, it remains the same size. Option C is irrelevant to the mechanism of bottle breakage due to freezing. Option D is incorrect because water expands when it freezes, not when heated. Therefore, the expansion of water upon freezing, rather than any external factors or properties of the bottle, is the primary reason for the bottle breaking when filled with water and allowed to freeze.