The valency of magnesium is two because it has two electrons in its outermost shell, while the valency of aluminium is three because it has three electrons in its outermost shell.
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The valency of magnesium is 2, as it readily loses its 2 valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Aluminum’s valency is 3, as it loses its 3 valence electrons to attain a stable configuration.