How do insect pests damage plants, and what are the three primary ways in which they attack crops?

Insect pests damage plants by feeding on various plant parts, such as leaves, stems, fruits, and roots, leading to reduced growth, yield, and quality. They attack crops through three primary ways: 1) Chewing insects like caterpillars and beetles consume plant tissue, 2) Sucking insects like aphids and mites extract sap from plants, and 3) Boring insects like borers tunnel into plant tissues, causing structural damage.