Plant growth is limited to specific regions because those regions contain meristematic tissue, also known as dividing tissue, which is responsible for cell division and subsequent growth.
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The growth of plants occurs only in specific regions called meristems, which are localized areas of actively dividing cells. Meristematic tissues, found at the tips of roots and shoots, enable continuous growth throughout a plant’s life. These regions contain undifferentiated cells that undergo rapid cell division, leading to the production of new cells. As these cells divide, some differentiate into specialized cells for various functions, contributing to the development of roots, stems, leaves, and other plant organs. The localized nature of meristems allows precise control over growth and differentiation, ensuring efficient adaptation and response to environmental conditions.