Coupling reactions involve the reaction of benzene diazonium chloride with phenol or aniline, leading to the formation of azo products like p-hydroxyazobenzene or p-aminoazobenzene. These reactions are examples of electrophilic substitution.
Describe the products obtained and the type of reaction in coupling reactions involving diazonium salts and phenol or aniline.
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Coupling reactions involving diazonium salts and phenol or aniline result in the formation of azo compounds. In these reactions, the diazonium salt reacts with phenol or aniline to produce an azo dye. The coupling occurs through the nitrogen of the diazo group (-N₂⁺) bonding to the carbon of the aromatic ring, creating a colored compound. This transformation is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution, where the diazonium cation serves as an electrophile, and the aromatic ring of phenol or aniline acts as a nucleophile. These coupling reactions are pivotal in the synthesis of vibrant and diverse azo dyes.