What functional group characterizes carboxylic acids, and what is the structural composition of the carboxyl group?

Carboxylic acids are characterized by the carboxyl functional group, which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to the same carbon atom. The carbonyl group imparts polarity and reactivity, while the hydroxyl group contributes acidity. The structural composition of the carboxyl group is represented as –COOH. This group plays a crucial role in the properties and behavior of carboxylic acids, conferring them with acidic properties due to the ability of the hydroxyl group to release a proton (H⁺) in solution. Carboxylic acids are vital in various biological and chemical processes, including the formation of proteins and lipids.