How is the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon described, and what type of bonds does it form?

The hybridization of the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones is described as sp² hybridization. In sp² hybridization, one s orbital and two p orbitals combine to form three sp² hybrid orbitals. These orbitals arrange themselves in a trigonal planar geometry around the carbon, providing a stable structure for the carbonyl group. The carbon-oxygen double bond in the carbonyl group consists of one σ bond formed by the overlap of sp² hybrid orbitals and one π bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of unhybridized p orbitals. This results in a planar and relatively rigid carbonyl functional group.