During electrolytic refining, the impure metal at the anode dissolves into the electrolyte, while an equivalent amount of pure metal is deposited on the cathode. Soluble impurities go into the solution, and insoluble impurities settle as anode mud at the bottom of the anode.
What happens to the impure metal during electrolytic refining, and how are impurities handled in the process?
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During electrolytic refining, the impure metal is dissolved in a suitable electrolyte, and an electric current is passed through the solution. The metal ions migrate to the cathode, where they are reduced and deposited as pure metal. Meanwhile, impurities, often in the form of other metal ions or anions, either remain in the electrolyte or form soluble compounds. These impurities are either collected separately or settle as sludge at the bottom. The refined metal at the cathode is then collected. Electrolytic refining allows for a high degree of purity, as impurities are effectively separated and managed during the process.