The ozone layer, located in the Earth’s stratosphere, shields life from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Human-made substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), contribute to ozone depletion, threatening environmental and health impacts.
Ozone formation takes place in the stratosphere of our atmosphere. (a) Explain how the energy of the Sun helps in the formation of ozone. (b) Why is ozone formation at ground level considered a pollutant? (c) State any two health consequences of ozone layer depletion on human health.
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(a) The Sun emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UV-C and UV-B. When this UV radiation reaches the stratosphere, it breaks apart oxygen molecules (O2), and the resulting oxygen atoms (O) combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3).
(b) Ozone formation at ground level is considered a pollutant because it is a key component of smog. Ground-level ozone is formed by the reaction of pollutants emitted by vehicles, industrial facilities, and other sources in the presence of sunlight. High concentrations of ground-level ozone can cause respiratory problems and other health issues.
(c) Health consequences of ozone layer depletion include:
Increased Skin Cancer: Ozone depletion allows more UV-B radiation to reach the Earth’s surface, which can lead to a higher incidence of skin cancers in humans.
Eye Cataracts: Exposure to increased UV radiation due to ozone layer depletion can contribute to the development of cataracts in the eyes, affecting vision and eye health.