How did the powers of tribal chiefs change under colonial rule?

Changes in tribal chiefs’ powers under colonial rule:

1. Administrative Interference: Many chiefs lost autonomy due to increased colonial administrative control.
2. Land Policies: Introduction of land laws led to land alienation, reducing chiefs’ control over traditional territories.
3. Imposed Leadership: Some chiefs were appointed by the British, altering the traditional selection process.
4. Legal System Changes: Traditional justice systems were replaced by colonial laws, affecting chiefs’ judicial roles.
5. Erosion of Authority: Economic and social transformations weakened chiefs’ influence over communities.
6. Conflict and Resistance: Some chiefs resisted colonial interference, leading to clashes and further diminishing their powers.
7. Transformation of Roles: Chiefs became intermediaries between their communities and the colonial administration rather than autonomous leaders.

These changes collectively altered the dynamics of tribal governance, impacting the traditional powers and roles of tribal chiefs under colonial rule.