How did restrictions on pasturelands affect the animal stock?

(i) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stock had to feed on whatever grazing land remained.
(ii) This led to continuous intensive grazing of these pastures. usually, nomadic pastoralists grazed their animals in one area and moved to another area.
(iii) when restrictions were imposed on pastor-al movements, grazing lands came to be continuously used and the quality of pastures declined.
(iv) This, in turn, created a further shortage of forage for animals and the deterioration of animal stock.
(v) underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines.