Distinguish between loudness and intensity of sound.

Loudness and intensity are two aspects of sound perception and characteristics, each with its distinct definition and nature:

1. Loudness:
– Definition: Loudness represents the subjective perception of the volume or strength of a sound by the human ear. It is the human response to the intensity of a sound wave.
– Subjective Nature: Loudness is a perceptual quality that varies between individuals and is influenced by several factors. It depends on how the brain interprets the physical properties of the sound waves received by the ear.
– Influential Factors: Factors affecting perceived loudness include the amplitude (or strength) of the sound wave, frequency, duration of the sound, as well as the sensitivity and characteristics of the human auditory system.

2. Intensity:
– Definition: Intensity of sound refers to the actual physical strength or power of a sound wave. It measures the amount of energy transmitted by the sound wave per unit area and is quantitatively measurable.
– Objective Measure: Intensity is an objective attribute that can be measured and quantified. It represents the amount of energy carried by a sound wave and is typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m²).
– Determining Factors: Sound intensity is directly related to the square of the amplitude of the sound wave. It is also influenced by the distance from the sound source, diminishing as the distance increases due to spreading over a larger area.

In summary, loudness is a subjective perception experienced by individuals, influenced by various factors beyond the physical characteristics of the sound waves themselves. In contrast, intensity represents the objective physical strength or energy carried by a sound wave and can be quantitatively measured based on the physical properties of the wave.