The historian who passionately called Akbar an “enemy of Islam” was Abdul Qadir Badauni. As a contemporary orthodox cleric, Badauni was bitterly opposed to Akbar’s religious policies, such as the Din-i-Ilahi and the cessation of traditional Islamic practices, which he ...
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Birbal, one of Akbar’s most beloved ‘Nine Jewels,’ was killed in 1586 while suppressing a tribal rebellion of the Yusufzais in the Swat Valley (northwest frontier). Birbal, who was primarily a court wit, was sent in a command role, where ...
The historian V. A. Smith called Akbar’s Gujarat campaign of 1573 a “historic rapid campaign.” Akbar personally led a small, fast force to quickly suppress a rebellion that had erupted shortly after his initial conquest of the region. He covered ...
Akbar began his serious imperial expansion with the Conquest of Malwa in 1561. This was his first campaign after taking direct control from Bairam Khan. The conquest, led by Adham Khan, secured a vast, wealthy territory and initiated Akbar’s long, ...
Maham Anga, Akbar’s chief wet nurse, was the most prominent member of the ‘Harem faction’ responsible for the ‘Petticoat Government’ (1560–1564). She exploited the young Akbar’s dependence and worked successfully to engineer the dismissal of the powerful regent, Bairam Khan, ...