Iltutmish organized the Turkan-e-Chihalgani (the “Group of Forty”), a council of forty powerful Turkish nobles and military leaders. This group effectively controlled political and military decision-making for a time, reflecting the influence of the Turkish soldiery in the early Sultanate ...
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Balban adopted the title Zill-e-Ilahi meaning “Shadow of God” to emphasize the sacred and absolute nature of kingship. He used grand royal symbolism, strict court etiquette and ceremonial practices to assert his supremacy over nobles and present the Sultan as ...
Iltutmish is credited with pioneering early Sultanate tomb architecture and building the tomb of his son, Nasiruddin Mahmud, at Sultan Garhi near Delhi. His constructions blended indigenous and Islamic motifs and set architectural precedents for later monumental tomb-building in medieval ...
Firoz Shah Tughlaq is renowned for his large-scale irrigation and canal-building projects. He constructed an extensive network of canals, refurbished older canals and promoted agricultural irrigation to improve cultivation. His public works also included rest-houses, hospitals and wells, reflecting a ...
Fawazil referred to surplus revenues or extra money that iqtadars (holders of land grants) were expected to deposit to the royal treasury beyond their allowances. It signified a surplus yield or additional income channelled to the state, helping rulers augment ...