Firoz Shah Tughlaq is renowned for his large-scale irrigation and canal-building projects. He constructed an extensive network of canals, refurbished older canals and promoted agricultural irrigation to improve cultivation. His public works also included rest-houses, hospitals and wells, reflecting a ...
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Fawazil referred to surplus revenues or extra money that iqtadars (holders of land grants) were expected to deposit to the royal treasury beyond their allowances. It signified a surplus yield or additional income channelled to the state, helping rulers augment ...
The Diwan-i-Bandagan—a bureau dealing with royal slaves and household troops—was associated with the Tughlaq administration (notably Firoz Shah Tughlaq). Other pairs are mismatched: the Diwan-i-Arz (military department) is linked to earlier reforms, Diwan-i-Mustakhraj and Diwan-i-Kohi belong to different administrative contexts ...
Mongol incursions into northwestern India occurred during Iltutmish’s period (early 13th century). The Mongol advance under Genghis Khan’s generals threatened the northwestern frontiers, compelling Iltutmish to strengthen frontier defenses and manage refugee flows. Although Genghis Khan’s main thrust bypassed deep ...
Firoz Shah Tughlaq set up the Diwan-i-Bandagan — a bureau managing royal slaves and their affairs — reflecting his administrative reorganization. The other statements are incorrect or misattributed: Diwan-i-Arz (military department) had varied origins, horse-branding reforms are usually linked to ...