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The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formally established on Indian soil in 1921 (though its first foundation occurred in Tashkent in 1920). Influenced by the Russian Revolution, leaders like M.N. Roy aimed to organize workers and peasants for a ...

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Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the political mentor of Mahatma Gandhi. Upon Gandhi’s return to India from South Africa in 1915, Gokhale advised him to travel across India for a year to understand the country’s ground realities before entering active politics. ...

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The Simon Commission arrived in India in February 1928 to review the working of the Government of India Act 1919 and suggest further reforms. It was led by Sir John Simon but consisted entirely of British members. This “all-white” composition ...

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Udham Singh assassinated Michael O’Dwyer in London on March 13, 1940. O’Dwyer was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab during the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre and had publicly supported General Dyer’s actions. Udham Singh, who had witnessed the massacre as a ...