A regular hexagon consists of 6 equilateral triangles of side r, giving area 6 x (√3/4)r² = (3√3/2)r². Dividing by circle area πr² gives (3√3) / (2π) ≈ 0.827, which is twice Question 8’s ratio because its area is double.
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The square’s diagonal equals the circle’s diameter 2r. Area of the square is (1/2) x diagonal² = (1/2) x (2r)² = 2r². Dividing by circle area πr² gives the ratio 2 / π ≈ 0.637.
Inscribed equilateral triangle side is a = r√3. Triangle area is (√3/4) x a² = (√3/4) x 3r² = (3√3/4)r². Dividing by circle area πr² yields ratio (3√3) / (4π) ≈ 0.413.
Understanding opportunity cost forces decision-makers to evaluate the forgone alternative value before spending resources. It prevents reckless waste, maximizes overall utility and ensures limited time and capital deliver the greatest potential return.
The correct choice is (b) Opportunity cost. Selecting one option requires giving up the benefit of the other alternative, which precisely defines opportunity cost when managing limited financial resources against competing desires.