Alauddin Khalji strengthened the Diwan-i-Ariz by enforcing strict inspection of troops, maintaining detailed records, regulating horse branding and ensuring soldiers’ salaries matched actual service. These reforms improved army discipline, prevented corruption and enhanced readiness against Mongols and rebellions. ANSWER: (C) ...
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Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is the most detailed and reliable account of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s administrative failures. Barani criticizes his experiments such as token currency, capital shift and harsh taxation. The text provides firsthand insight into the Sultan’s ambitious but ...
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq reversed Alauddin Khalji’s strict agrarian policies by restoring land to hereditary holders like khuts and muqaddams. He believed leniency would improve loyalty and agricultural productivity. This softened administrative pressure but weakened the firm controls established earlier. ANSWER: (A) ...
The Diwan-e-Mustakhraj was established to recover outstanding land revenue and dues that officials failed to collect. It supervised corrupt or negligent revenue officers and punished defaulting zamindars. This department helped restore financial stability during periods of revenue shortages. ANSWER: (B) ...
Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted the capital from Delhi to Devagiri mainly to strengthen his control over the newly conquered southern territories. Devagiri’s central location allowed better supervision of the Deccan, efficient communication and tighter political integration. His objective was expansion ...