Write a short note on the condition of indentured labour which migrated form India in the nineteenth century.

The condition of the indentured labour which migrated from India in the nineteenth century was as given below:
(i) They worked on plantations, in mines and in road and railway construction project around the world
(ii) They were hired under contracts. These contracts promised return travel to Indian after they had worked for five years on their employer’s plantation.
(iii) They went from present day regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Central India and dry districts of Tamil Nadu.
(iv) They migrated due to the decline of cottage industries, high land rent and clearing of lands for mines and plantations.
(v) These labourers were recruited through agents engaged by employers and paid a small commission.
(vi) Their conditions of work were harsh. It was a new system of slavery.
(vii) After the contracts, some came back while others stayed back. As such, we find communities of lndian origin in these countries. For example: V.S Naipaul, Shivnarine Chanderpaul and Ramnaresh sarwan