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Which Sultan attempted to create a “new religion” by merging Islam with elements of philosophy?
Muhammad bin Tughlaq explored merging Islamic thought with philosophical and mystical ideas, attempting to create a new religious-philosophical system. His ideas were influenced by rationalism and Sufi metaphysics. The Ulema strongly opposed him, fearing deviation from orthodox Islam, contributing to tensions during his reign. ANSWER: (C) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
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