NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 2
Social Science Class 9 History
Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution 2
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
Questions No: 5
What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?
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The main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution are listed below:
• The Bolsheviks were not in favour of any private property. Hence most industries and banks were nationalized.
• Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land on which they worked.
• In cities the large houses were partitioned according to family requirements.
• Use of old titles of aristocracy was banned.
• To assert the change Bolsheviks introduced new uniforms for the army and officials.
• The Bolshevik party was renamed as the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik).
• Russia became a one-party state and Trade unions kept under party control.
• For the first time they introduced a Centralized Planning on the basis of which Five Year Plans were made.
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Main Changes by Bolsheviks after the October Revolution:
1. Seizure of Power: Bolsheviks took control from the Provisional Government, establishing Bolshevik authority.
2. Formation of Soviet Government: Instituted rule through local councils (soviets) representing workers, soldiers, and peasants.
3. Decrees and Reforms:
– Land Decree: Redistributed land to peasants from aristocracy and church.
– Worker Control: Factories under workers’ committees for industry socialization.
– Decree on Peace: Immediate peace efforts, resulting in Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Russia’s exit from WWI.
4. Nationalization: Banks and major industries were nationalized, aiming for state control.
5. Abolition of Class Distinctions: Efforts made to eliminate social class differences.
6. Establishment of Cheka: Secret police to maintain control and suppress opposition.
7. Education and Cultural Reforms: Educational reforms for widespread literacy and cultural reevaluation.