M. Hamel makes a surprising announcement that it will be the last French lesson the students will ever have. Due to the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War, the German authorities have decreed that only the German language will be taught in schools. This revelation shocks the students, particularly Franz, as they realize the profound loss of their language and cultural identity. M. Hamel’s announcement serves as a poignant reminder of the changes brought about by war and the importance of preserving one’s heritage.