The most reliable and contemporary source for Alauddin Khalji’s South Indian campaigns is—
Amir Khusro’s Khazain-ul-Futuh is the most reliable contemporary account of Alauddin Khalji’s southern expeditions. Written by his court poet, it provides firsthand descriptions of Malik Kafur’s campaigns in Devagiri, Warangal, Dwarasamudra and Madurai, documenting tribute collection, military encounters and political outcomes with clarity unmatched by later chroniclers. ANSWER: (C) Amir Khusro’s Khazain-ul-Futuh
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