Explain how the changes in the forest management in the colonial period affected the shifting cultivators,

European foresters regarded the practice of shifting cultivation as harmful for the forests’ they felt that land which was used for cultivation, every few years could not grow trees for railway timber. Not only this, when a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber. Shifting cultivation also made it difficult for the government to calculate taxes. Therefore, the government banned shifting cultivation. As a result, many communities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forests. Some had to change occupations, while some resisted through large and small rebellions. The condition of forest communities deteriorated.