The main group involved in the overthrow of Razia Begum (r. 1236–1240) was the powerful faction of Turkish nobles, specifically the ‘Chahalgani’ or the Forty. They refused to accept a woman as the sovereign ruler, viewing her ascension and her ...
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Alauddin Khalji famously stated this line to emphasize that state welfare was above religious law in governance. He believed strong administration, economic control and political stability required decisions based on practicality, not just Sharia. This philosophy shaped his reforms and ...