The correct chronological order of Humayun’s major battles is: Daura (1532), where he defeated Mahmud Lodi; Chausa (1539), where he was defeated by Sher Shah; Kannauj/Bilgram (1540), which resulted in his exile; and finally, Sirhind (1555), which secured his restoration ...
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The term ‘Zawabit’ in the Mughal administration referred to State Laws or secular regulations. These were royal decrees or regulations (Qanun-i-Shahi) issued by the Mughal emperors that supplemented the religious law (Sharia) where necessary. Zawabit covered administrative, revenue and economic ...
The main reason for Babur’s victory in the Battle of Panipat (1526) was his superior tactical use of the Tulughma system. This military strategy, combined with the effective use of artillery (cannons) placed strategically behind carts, allowed his smaller army ...
The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar (Bahadur Shah II), was the son of Akbar Shah II (reigned 1806–1837). Akbar Shah II was already a symbolic figure with limited power under British protection. Bahadur Shah Zafar inherited a hollow title ...
The real name of Mumtaz Mahal, the beloved wife of Emperor Shah Jahan, was Arjumand Bano Begum. Shah Jahan bestowed upon her the title Mumtaz Mahal (meaning ‘Jewel of the Palace’) after their marriage. Following her death in 1631, Shah ...