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Virat

Humayun was decisively defeated by the Afghan chieftain Sher Shah Suri (then known as Sher Khan) in the Battle of Chausa in 1539 AD. This crushing defeat forced Humayun to flee, temporarily dismantling Mughal authority. Sher Khan subsequently adopted the ...

Virat

Madad-i-Maash in the Mughal administration referred to revenue-free land grants given to learned men (ulema), scholars, religious figures and poor or needy persons. These grants were essentially state endowments to support the class of learned or charitable individuals and were ...