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Virat

Humayun was decisively defeated by the Afghan chieftain Sher Shah Suri (then known as Sher Khan) in the Battle of Chausa in 1539 AD. This crushing defeat forced Humayun to flee, temporarily dismantling Mughal authority. Sher Khan subsequently adopted the ...

Virat

Sher Shah Suri (then known as Sher Khan) first adopted the modest title of ‘Hazrat-e-Ala’ after his victory at the Battle of Chausa in 1539. This title was a strategic assertion of independence. Following his decisive victory over Humayun in ...

Virat

Madad-i-Maash in the Mughal administration referred to revenue-free land grants given to learned men (ulema), scholars, religious figures and poor or needy persons. These grants were essentially state endowments to support the class of learned or charitable individuals and were ...

Virat

In Mughal administration, the Muhtasib was the Officer of Public Morality. Their primary role was to ensure that the general populace adhered to the established norms of Sharia (Islamic law). Their duties included checking weights and measures in markets, ensuring ...