During the Panipat campaign, Sadashiv Rao Bhau faced a severe financial crisis and could not pay his massive army. To raise funds, he ordered the removal of the silver ceiling from the Diwan-i-Aam in Delhi’s Red Fort. Despite the immense ...
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Shivaji’s last major military campaign was the Karnataka campaign (1677–1678). This campaign was highly successful, bringing significant territories in the south (including Jinji and Vellore) under Maratha control, extending the state’s reach to the east coast and providing immense wealth, ...
In the Mughal Mansabdari system, ‘Zat’ denoted the personal rank and status of the Mansabdar, which determined his salary. ‘Sawar’ denoted his military responsibilities, specifically the number of cavalry troopers he was required to maintain and bring to imperial service. ...
The pair Akbar – Sir Thomas Roe is not correctly matched. Sir Thomas Roe arrived in India as the English ambassador in 1615 and spent his time at the court of Emperor Jahangir. Akbar died in 1605, ten years before ...
Birbal, one of Akbar’s most beloved ‘Nine Jewels,’ was killed in 1586 while suppressing a tribal rebellion of the Yusufzais in the Swat Valley (northwest frontier). Birbal, who was primarily a court wit, was sent in a command role, where ...