Ozone in the atmosphere is formed when higher energy UV radiation splits molecular oxygen (O₂) into free oxygen (O) atoms, which then combine with molecular oxygen to form ozone (O₃).

Organic materials such as kitchen waste (vegetable peels, used tea leaves), and natural fabrics (like cotton clothes) are likely to decompose the fastest due to their biodegradable nature and the action of microbes.

Materials like plastic items (milk packets, medicine bottles/strips), synthetic fabrics, and other non-biodegradable items are likely to remain unchanged over long periods when buried.

Over time, some waste materials decompose or change their form and structure due to microbial activity, while others remain unchanged. The rate of change varies depending on the material.

Common household waste materials include kitchen waste (such as spoiled food, vegetable peels, used tea leaves, milk packets, and empty cartons), waste paper, empty medicine bottles or strips, old and torn clothes, and broken footwear.