Animals respond to stimuli through a nervous system and muscles, while plants exhibit responses without a nervous system, as seen in examples like the chhui-mui’s quick leaf movements and the directional growth of a seed’s root and stem.
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Plants like the chhui-mui respond to touch by quickly folding up and drooping their leaves.
Animals have a nervous system for controlling and coordinating body activities, while plants lack both a nervous system and muscles.
The simplest notion of movement at the cellular level in muscle cells is that they move by changing their shape, leading to a shortening of the muscle cell.
When a nerve impulse reaches the muscle, the muscle fiber moves by changing its shape, specifically by shortening.