The hardness of materials is relative. For example, rubber is harder than sponge but softer than iron, indicating that hardness depends on what the material is being compared to.
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Some materials are easier to scratch because they have a softer surface, which makes them more susceptible to being marked or damaged by harder objects.
The property is called hardness. Materials that can be easily compressed or scratched are considered soft, while those that are difficult to compress or scratch are considered hard.
The saying suggests that not everything that shines is necessarily a metal or valuable; some materials may be made shiny artificially, without having the inherent properties of metals. NCERT Science Textbook Curiosity Science Session 2024-2025.
Non-metallic materials can appear shiny if their surfaces are polished or coated with thin layers of plastic, wax, or other materials that create a shiny finish. Chapter 6 Materials around us Class 6 Class VI NCERT Book Curiosity Science