Discussion Forum Latest Questions

Virat

Humayun was the Mughal ruler who ruled twice. His first reign (1530-1540) ended after his defeat by Sher Shah Suri, forcing him into a 15-year exile. He reclaimed his throne in 1555 after defeating the Sur dynasty. However, his second ...

Virat

The meaning of the Jihad waged by Emperor Aurangzeb was the transformation of Dar-ul-Harb (land of war/non-Islamic rule) into Dar-ul-Islam (land of Islam/Islamic rule). This goal underpinned his orthodox policies, including the reimposition of Jaziya and his long, costly military ...

Virat

The magnificent Persian epic, ‘Dastan-e-Amir Hamza’ (or Hamzanama), was illustrated under the initial supervision of Mir Sayyid Ali and later completed under Abdus Samad. Commissioned by Emperor Akbar early in his reign, this massive project involved hundreds of large-scale paintings, ...

Virat

The historian Stanley Lane-Poole famously wrote of Emperor Humayun, “He stumbled through life and stumbled to his death.” This quote perfectly summarizes Humayun’s unpredictable career, marked by initial loss of his empire, long exile and his final, accidental death by ...